Direct Method

The direct method of teaching, sometimes called the natural method. Not limited to but often used in teaching foreign languages, the method refrains from using the learners' native language and uses only the target language. It was established in Germany and France around 1900. Characteristic features of the direct method are:

-         Teaching concepts and vocabulary through pantomiming, real-life objects and other visual materials

-         Teaching grammar by using an inductive approach (i.e. having learners find out rules through the presentation of adequate linguistic forms in the target language)

-         Centrality of spoken language (including a native-like pronunciation)

-         Focus on question-answer patterns.

v Principle of Direct Method

1. Instruction classes are conducted exclusively in the target language.

2. Only everyday vocabulary and sentences are taught.

3. Oral communication skills are built within carefully assessed progression organized around question-and-answer exchanges between teachers and students in small, intensive classes.
4. Grammar is taught inductively.

5. New teaching points were introduced orally.

6. Concrete vocabulary is taught through demonstration, objects, and pictures; abstract vocabulary was taught by association of ideas.

7. Both speaking and listening comprehension were taught.

8. Correct pronunciation and grammar are emphasized.